At some point in late summer, the North Atlantic just won’t cool down. Sea surface temperatures breaking records, fishermen returning with smaller catches, and coral systems bleaching in areas that had previously appeared to be safe ground have all been occurring with startling regularity. The natural tendency has always been to measure what we can see with buoys and take pictures of the surface using satellites. However, it appears that we have been focusing on the wrong area of the ocean, according to a recent study published in Nature Climate Change. In collaboration with scientists from Portugal and Australia, researchers…
Author: Derrick Lester
Derrick Lester
Derrick Lester is a professor and editor at indeep-project.org. His academic career has been molded by a single, enduring obsession: the sea and all life in it. Drawing from marine biology, oceanography, and the kind of hard-won field knowledge that only comes from spending significant time on and under the water, Derrick's writing has the depth of a scholar thanks to his years of research and teaching experience. His writing delves into the science of marine life with the inquisitiveness of someone who has never fully moved past the wonder of what exists beneath the surface. Derrick hopes to introduce readers to a world that encompasses over 70% of the planet and is, in many respects, still largely unexplored through his contributions to indeep-project.org.
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The notion that the most alive places on Earth are also the deepest is subtly unnerving. Not in the same way as a coral reef, which is noisy, vibrant, and competitive, but in the same way that an abandoned building can occasionally feel alive—something is moving inside, but you’re not sure what. The majority of ocean science essentially ends at the hadal trenches. The water column compresses into a type of permanent, pressurized darkness below 6,000 meters. However, things are erratic here. Transparent amphipods, snailfish with skin so thin that their organs are visible, and holothurians that move across sediment…
Finding out that coral colonies older than the Egyptian pyramids have been sitting undisturbed at the bottom of the North Atlantic, just off the coast of Newfoundland, while the entire recorded sweep of human civilization unfolded above them, is somewhat unsettling. After news of what scientists discovered during a joint expedition by Oceana Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada last year—organisms that have been growing steadily and slowly for about 4,500 years—came to mind. During two 21-day sea voyages in July and October of 2025, the expedition explored 1,300-meter-deep submarine canyons along the Southern Newfoundland Slope. Until recently, Canada’s scientific…
The Mariana Trench has a subtle, unnerving quality. With 36,000 feet of total darkness, cold that can numb any instrument, and pressure that would crush an automobile into a tin box, it sits in the northwest Pacific like a wound in the earth’s crust. For a very long time, scientists and the general public believed that whatever occurred down there happened according to its own rules. secluded. unaltered. beyond the scope of any surface-level action we could take. It turns out that assumption was incorrect. Not just a little off. Essentially incorrect. Fish and crustaceans that live at the bottom…
The idea of a worm constructing a home inside a glass skeleton seven kilometers below the Pacific Ocean’s surface, in complete darkness and under pressure that would crush an unprotected human body in less than a second, seems almost ridiculous. However, when the Shinkai 6500 submersible surfaced last June with specimens that halted taxonomists in their tracks, researchers on board the JAMSTEC research vessel Yokosuka discovered precisely that. The hollow lattice of a hexactinellid sponge, which scientists sometimes refer to as a “glass sponge,” was home to two new polychaete worm species, now known as Dalhousiella yabukii and Leocratides watanabeae.…
Watching a nation sit on what could be one of the century’s most important resource discoveries and move—not slowly, but haltingly—is subtly annoying. All the components of a scientific and geopolitical breakthrough are present in India’s Deep Ocean Mission, which was announced with great fanfare at the Indian Science Congress in Tirupati back in 2017. a designated area in the Central Indian Ocean Basin of 75,000 square kilometers. A hundred years’ worth of energy in polymetallic nodules. a 2.37 million square kilometer Exclusive Economic Zone. However, there is a recurring feeling that the mission is circling the runway without actually…
Three thousand meters below the Pacific’s surface, something went wrong, and no one is quite sure what that means yet. Officials are referring to this as the first major technical failure of the deep-sea mining pilot program operating off the U.S. West Coast, which was intended to rewrite the rules on how America sources its essential minerals. Under circumstances that engineers had apparently underestimated, equipment intended to gather potato-shaped polymetallic nodules—tiny rocks that take millions of years to form—from the ocean floor malfunctioned. Both policy offices and engineering rooms are still debating whether this is a warning shot or a…
It takes a moment to realize that something is wrong with the water when you stand on a dock in Gloucester, Massachusetts on a calm June morning. Not dramatically incorrect, not a disastrous film. It’s just a little too calm, a little too warm, and a little too clear where it shouldn’t be. Local fishermen who have been working these waters for decades are also observing it, and some of them are picking their words carefully when discussing it, as if putting it simply might make it seem more real. By most accounts, what is currently taking place off the…
Billions of potato-sized rocks are dispersed over a large underwater plateau called the Clarion Clipperton Zone, several kilometers below the Pacific Ocean’s surface. They appear unremarkable. However, each one contains cobalt, nickel, manganese, and copper—the very elements that battery producers and manufacturers of electric vehicles are secretly clamoring for. A green future is what the world desires. One of the more practical ways to get there could be through these nodules. Additionally, a legal dispute over who gets to pick them up is currently developing covertly into something that has the potential to change international law. It’s difficult to ignore…
When you stand on Stonington’s dock early in July, you can see the weathered boats leaving the harbor before most people have had their first cup of coffee. The bait is inserted, the trap lines are lowered, and somewhere beneath the greenish-gray water, Maine’s most valuable animal travels along the ocean floor, oblivious to its surroundings. The lobster is unable to detect the warming of the surrounding water. But for years, the lobstermen have been aware of this. Approximately 99 percent of the world’s oceans are not warming as quickly as the Gulf of Maine. That is a documented trend…